| Let's start today with stagnant wages and rising costs... We've just endured a period where inflation reached the highest levels in 40 years, although it has recently come much closer to the Federal Reserve's annual target of 2%. High prices are tough on consumers, especially those in the lower income brackets who struggle to pay the rising cost of essentials like groceries, gasoline, and electricity. Although the Census Bureau reported that inflation-adjusted median household income recently hit $80,610, that only returned consumer purchasing power to where it was in 2019. Five years of falling or stagnant income is enough to make anyone sour on the Dream. However, it's important to understand that this was a short-term aberration and not a long-term trend. Let's examine why prices spiked in the first place. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, governments around the world overreacted. Instead of taking strong measures to protect the most vulnerable - primarily the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions - they shut down much of the global economy. That sharply reduced the supply of items every consumer needs. (And led to a massive run on - of all things - toilet paper.) Anyone who has taken Economics 101 knows that when demand remains constant and supply falls, prices rise. Supplies did fall. But demand didn't remain constant. It increased. To provide COVID relief - and, of course, spread the pork - politicians here and abroad added trillions of dollars to their already hefty deficits. That excess cash in consumers' pockets stoked demand. That, too, contributed to a higher consumer price index. To top it off, central banks here and abroad decided to let inflation "run hot" during the pandemic and its immediate aftermath by keeping short-term rates near zero. Those three factors - the shutdown of the global supply chain, many trillions in deficit spending, and zero interest rates - combined to temporarily give us inflation of more than 9%. But those three factors - or at least two of the three - are behind us now. The global economy is humming again. Central banks lifted interest rates to combat higher prices. (Then finally reversed course this month.) And the multi-trillion deficits - at least in the U.S. - have given way to deficits of "just" one or two trillion dollars. (That remains a problem that will have to be reckoned with.) Though price increases have moderated, prices themselves have not. Even if inflation dropped to zero, prices would still be 24% higher than when Biden took office. When costs go up that much - and it takes a household five years to earn the income to meet them - it's not hard to understand consumer frustration... and falling belief in the Dream. It's doubtful that most Americans truly know what caused the recent spike in inflation - or understand that it was caused by unusual circumstances that are mostly behind us now. Ergo, many Americans think the American Dream is dead. This is especially true if they fret about job security. After all, if costs are rising... and income has lagged... and you worry about whether you'll still have a job in a few months, it's only natural to feel pessimistic. Yet most Americans should be optimists. High inflation is behind us. And job insecurity is a fact of life and - counterintuitively - a side effect of what makes the U.S. such a dynamic economy. I'll explain why in my next column. Good investing, Alex | 
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