States are paving the way for a new clean energy kid on the block: so-called green hydrogen. An upswell of state-led legislation aimed at boosting and regulating the fuel source could help shape the trajectory of President Joe Biden’s climate plans, write David Iaconangelo, Heather Richards and Zach Bright. While pure hydrogen is by definition carbon-free, the gas is only as climate-friendly as its production process. The bulk of hydrogen energy produced in the U.S. today — “gray” hydrogen — is extracted from natural gas, which releases carbon into the atmosphere. “Green” hydrogen, on the other hand, uses solar, wind or other renewable power to extricate hydrogen from water, producing no planet-warming emissions. Few green hydrogen projects exist, and many new developers want to use energy from the grid, which is not always carbon-free — threatening to erase hydrogen’s climate benefits. On the ground: State action on hydrogen comes at a pivotal period of implementation for Biden’s climate and infrastructure laws. These include efforts to develop hydrogen that is at least greenish — produced with only a minimal amount of carbon output. The Energy Department, for example, is preparing to award up to $7 billion for the nation’s first hubs of low-carbon hydrogen production, storage, transport and consumption — and states from Mississippi and North Dakota to Hawaii and Washington are angling for a share of the bounty. In North Dakota, Republicans are spending millions on research into storing hydrogen (along with fossil fuels) in underground salt caverns. Democrats in Washington state, meanwhile, passed a law to speed up clean energy projects, including hydrogen made from carbon-free electricity and water. Colorado blazes the trail: Perhaps the most groundbreaking state action is in Colorado, where Democratic Gov. Jared Polis signed a tax credit for companies that use hydrogen. The move — intended to spur the nascent industry — was paired with strict emission limits and offset requirements to ensure that hydrogen is actually “green.” The Treasury Department is considering what requirements it will tie to federal green hydrogen tax credits. In a recent letter to several federal agencies, more than 130 lawmakers from 35 states and Puerto Rico urged the agency to adopt Colorado’s approach.
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