| Populations that experience health disparities are frequently underrepresented in spine pain clinical trials, according to an analysis of data from eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of spinal manipulation for chronic back or neck pain. Funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, this analysis was conducted by researchers from the University of Minnesota and North Dakota State University and was published in the journal BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. RCTs are regarded as the gold standard study design for evaluating treatment effectiveness, involving random assignment of participants to different groups to minimize bias and assess intervention impact. However, studies of this type are sometimes criticized for generalizability issues. For example, how well do the people participating in the trial represent the larger community of people receiving care in real-world settings? The generalizability of RCT populations is important because it potentially limits the applicability of RCT findings to influence clinical practice and policy. | 
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