[Daily article] September 4: Ismail I of Granada

Ismail I (1279–1325) was the fifth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of
Granada (map pictured) on the Iberian Peninsula, from 1314 to 1325. He
claimed the throne during the reign of his uncle, Sultan Nasr, after a
rebellion started by his father Abu Said Faraj. Ismail was proclaimed
sultan in February 1314. He spent the early years of his reign fighting
Nasr, who attempted to regain the throne after enlisting the help of
Castile. The war reached its climax in the Battle of the Vega in 1319, a
complete victory for Ismail's forces over Castile. The deaths in the
battle of Infante Peter and Infante John, the two regents for the infant
King Alfonso XI, left Castile leaderless. Ismail followed up his
victory with the capture of castles on the Castilian border in 1324 and
1325. He was murdered by his relative Muhammad ibn Ismail. Historians
characterise Ismail as an effective ruler who improved the emirate's
position with military victories.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I_of_Granada>

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Today's selected anniversaries:

1888:

American inventor George Eastman registered the trademark
"Kodak" after receiving a patent for his roll film camera.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodak>

1914:

World War I: The German army began an assault against French
positions on high ground near the city of Nancy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9>

1977:

A gang-related shooting took place in Chinatown, San Francisco,
leaving five dead and spurring police to end Chinese gang violence in
the city.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dragon_massacre>

2007:

Three terrorists suspected to be part of al-Qaeda were arrested
in Germany after planning attacks on Frankfurt Airport and Ramstein Air
Base.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_bomb_plot_in_Germany>

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Wiktionary's word of the day:

bread and circuses:
1. Food and entertainment provided by the state, particularly if
intended to placate the people.
2. (by extension) Grand spectacles staged or statements made to distract
and pacify people.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bread_and_circuses>

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Wikiquote quote of the day:

  If this country can't find its way to a human path, if it
can't inform conduct with a deep sense of life, then all of us, black
as well as white, are going down the same drain… I picked up a pencil
and held it over a sheet of white paper, but my feelings stood in the
way of my words. Well, I would wait, day and night, until I knew what to
say. Humbly now, with no vaulting dream of achieving a vast unity, I
wanted to try to build a bridge of words between me and that world
outside, that world which was so distant and elusive that it seemed
unreal. I would hurl words into this darkness and wait for an echo, and
if an echo sounded, no matter how faintly, I would send other words to
tell, to march, to fight, to create a sense of the hunger for life that
gnaws in us all, to keep alive in our hearts a sense of the
inexpressibly human.  
--Richard Wright
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Richard_Wright>

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